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Abstract
Palm kernel oil contains fatty acids, especially lauric acid at 46-52%. Lauric acid has the properties of hardening, cleaning, producing foam and softening that is needed in making soap. The purpose of this study is to make transparent solid soap from a combination of glycerin, sucrose, and ethanol 96% as a transparent agent that meets the requirements of quality tests and organoleptic tests. Made 9 (nine) formulas with some combination of glycerin, sucrose, ethanol 96% by a semi-boiled method that is mixing palm kernel oil and stearic acid which has been melted at 60˚C, then adding 30% NaOH, stirring at 70- 80˚C. Transparent agent and other additives are mixed into the soap mass obtained from the saponification process, then poured into a soap mold and carried out a curing process for 2 weeks. The result of this research is obtained a transparent yellow solid soap that is the bright and distinctive smell of coconut perfume with a pH of 8.35-8.64, the hardness of 21.30-38.13 10-1 mm, moisture content of 21.48-33.33%, free fatty acid content 0,88-0,96%, unsaturated fat content 1,45-2,38%, surface tension 27,93-32,34 dyne/cm. Transparent solid soap that meets the quality requirements and the organoleptic test is formula A with PH 8.64, hardness 25.80 10-1 mm, moisture content 25.55%, free fatty acids 0,94%, unsaturated fat 1,45%, surface tension 30.02 dyne/cm.
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References
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- Kementerian Keuangan RI. 2012. Kajian Nilai Tambah Produk Pertanian. [Laporan]. Jakarta (ID): Pusat Kebijakan Ekonomi Makro, Badan Kebijakan Fiskal.
- Mardawati E, Mahdi SH,Devi MR, Rosalinda S. 2019. Produksi Biodiesel Dari Minyak Kelapa Sawit Kasar Off Grade Dengan Variasi Pengaruh Asam Sulfat Pada Proses Esterifikasi Terhadap Mutu Biodiesel Yang Dihasilkan. Jurnal Industri Pertanian. 01(03):46–60.
- Mitsui T. 1997. New Cosmetic Science. Edisi ke-1. Amsterdam (NL): Elsevier Inc. ISBN: 9780444826541, eSBN: 9780080537498.
- Oghome P, Eke MU and Kamalu CIO. 2012. Characterization of Fatty Acid Used In Soap Manufacturing In Nigeria: Laundry, Toilet, Medicated and Antiseptic Soap. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER). 2(4):2930–2934. ISSN: 2249-6645
- Paul OC, Ezeliora CD, Iwenofu CO, Sinebe JE. 2014. Optimization of A Soap Production Mix Using Response Surface Modeling : A Case of Niger Bar Soap Manufacturing Industry Onitsha, Anambra’. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research Volume. 3(9):346–352. ISSN 2277-8616
- Retnowati DS, Andri CK, Ratnawati, Catarina SB. 2013. Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Sabun Susu dengan Proses Dingin. Jurnal Rekayasa Proses. 7(2): 46–51.
- Wijana S, Tika P, dan Nur LR. 2019. Optimization of solubilizers combinations on the transparent liquid soap with the addition of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and lavender (Lavandula L.) oil International Conference on Biology and Applied Science (ICOBAS). 050020(1):1–6.
References
Alamu OJ, Akintola TA, Enweremadu CC and Adeleke AE. 2008. Characterization of palm-kernel oil biodiesel produced through NaOH-catalysed transesterification process. Scientific Research and Essay. 3(7):308-311. Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/SRE
[BSN] Badan Standardisasi Nasional. 2016. SNI 3532:2016 Syarat Mutu dan Cara Uji Sabun Mandi yang Berbentuk Padat. 337–340.
Gibon V. 2012. Palm Oil and Palm Kernel Oil Refining and Fractionation Technology. Palm Oil. 329–375. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-9818936-9-3.50015-0. ISBN 9780981893693.
Kementerian Keuangan RI. 2012. Kajian Nilai Tambah Produk Pertanian. [Laporan]. Jakarta (ID): Pusat Kebijakan Ekonomi Makro, Badan Kebijakan Fiskal.
Mardawati E, Mahdi SH,Devi MR, Rosalinda S. 2019. Produksi Biodiesel Dari Minyak Kelapa Sawit Kasar Off Grade Dengan Variasi Pengaruh Asam Sulfat Pada Proses Esterifikasi Terhadap Mutu Biodiesel Yang Dihasilkan. Jurnal Industri Pertanian. 01(03):46–60.
Mitsui T. 1997. New Cosmetic Science. Edisi ke-1. Amsterdam (NL): Elsevier Inc. ISBN: 9780444826541, eSBN: 9780080537498.
Oghome P, Eke MU and Kamalu CIO. 2012. Characterization of Fatty Acid Used In Soap Manufacturing In Nigeria: Laundry, Toilet, Medicated and Antiseptic Soap. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER). 2(4):2930–2934. ISSN: 2249-6645
Paul OC, Ezeliora CD, Iwenofu CO, Sinebe JE. 2014. Optimization of A Soap Production Mix Using Response Surface Modeling : A Case of Niger Bar Soap Manufacturing Industry Onitsha, Anambra’. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research Volume. 3(9):346–352. ISSN 2277-8616
Retnowati DS, Andri CK, Ratnawati, Catarina SB. 2013. Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Sabun Susu dengan Proses Dingin. Jurnal Rekayasa Proses. 7(2): 46–51.
Wijana S, Tika P, dan Nur LR. 2019. Optimization of solubilizers combinations on the transparent liquid soap with the addition of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and lavender (Lavandula L.) oil International Conference on Biology and Applied Science (ICOBAS). 050020(1):1–6.